Add null and range predicates, variadic and/or, DISTINCT and row locks

[Makisuo]

Next items from design/gap-review.md: DISTINCT (~10 Maple sites), row locks (7), and the null and range predicates every query builder has.

.where(($) => [$.done_at.isNull(), $.id.between(lo, hi), CH.or(CH.when(name, (n) => $.name.eq(n)), undefined)])
.distinctOn("org").orderBy(["org", "asc"], ["id", "desc"])
.limit(1).forUpdate({ skipLocked: true })

What changes

• Predicates. isNull(), isNotNull(), between() and notBetween() on every Expr. The ends of a range are encoded through the column's codec.
• CH.and(...) / CH.or(...) take any number of conditions, skip undefined ones, write one flat group, and return undefined when none are left (which where then skips). and keeps tenant evidence; or drops it.
• distinct() / distinctOn(...aliases) work on both dialects; ClickHouse 26.2 and 26.8 accept DISTINCT ON.
• Row locks. forUpdate / forNoKeyUpdate / forShare / forKeyShare take { skipLocked, noWait, of } and are written after LIMIT. New optional DialectClauses.locking; ClickHouse refuses with a defect.
• compile(query) no longer needs a params argument for a query with no params. Before this, such a call fell through to the write overload with a confusing type error.
• Docs. The isNull docs example now uses the built-in instead of a hand-declared defineCondFn.

Testing

• bun run typecheck and bun run test: 550 unit tests and the doc checks pass.
• New shared core cases run on Postgres and on both ClickHouse matrix servers. The locking case must be refused on ClickHouse.
• PGlite job-queue claim with FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED inside Database.transaction, plus DISTINCT ON, BETWEEN and IS NULL.
• Live ClickHouse suite (281 tests) on 26.2.19.43 and 26.8.2.7.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

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📥 Commits

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between 7e43f59 and 63b3bc7.

⛔ Files ignored due to path filters (1)

• tests/__snapshots__/core-sql.test.ts.snap is excluded by !**/*.snap

📒 Files selected for processing (22)

• CHANGELOG.md
• design/gap-review.md
• docs/expressions.md
• docs/queries.md
• docs/reference.md
• scripts/check-doc-examples.mjs
• src/ch/compile.ts
• src/ch/dialect.ts
• src/ch/expr.ts
• src/ch/index.ts
• src/ch/param.ts
• src/ch/predicates.test.ts
• src/ch/query.test-d.ts
• src/ch/query.ts
• src/database/database.test.ts
• src/expr.ts
• src/pg/dialect.ts
• src/sql/sql-query.ts
• tests/core-cases.ts
• tests/database.clickhouse.test.ts
• tests/dialect-cases.ts
• tests/dialect-coverage.test.ts

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