A programming language whose keywords, error messages and alphabet ordering are Tajik.

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Making programming education accessible to Tajik-speaking students by letting beginners learn programming concepts in their own language.

қолиб Донишҷӯ:
    функсия оғоз(худ, ном, баҳо):
        худ.ном = ном
        худ.баҳо = баҳо

    функсия хулоса(худ):
        агар худ.баҳо >= 4.5:
            баргардон "аъло"
        баргардон "хуб"

бигзор синф = [
    Донишҷӯ("Яқубов", 4.75),
    Донишҷӯ("Ғафуров", 3.5),
]

функсия номи(д):
    баргардон д.ном

барои д аз тартиб_бо(синф, номи):
    навис(д.ном, "—", д.хулоса())

Not one English word — not in the program, not in the errors.

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Three things Python cannot do

1 · It checks your program before running it

Python finds a misspelled name only when that line executes, so a typo in a branch that runs once a month ships to production. TajikLang reports everything it is certain of, before any output appears:

Хатои санҷиш (CheckError) (сатри 3, сутуни 11):

        навис(нмо)
              ^

Номи "нмо" муайян нашудааст.
Маслиҳат: Оё шумо "ном" -ро дар назар доштед?

Ҳамагӣ 2 хато. Барнома иҷро нашуд.

The rule it lives by is no false alarms — it mirrors the interpreter's scope rules exactly and stays silent about anything it cannot be sure of.

2 · Decimal arithmetic

	0.1 + 0.2	== 0.3
Python, C, Java, JavaScript	0.30000000000000004	false
TajikLang	0.3	рост

School arithmetic is decimal. Money is decimal. Marks are decimal. Binary floating point is a machine detail that does not belong in lesson 3.

3 · чаро — the question no other language answers

бигзор ҷамъ = 0
барои i аз 1 то 3:
    ҷамъ += i
чаро(ҷамъ)

Тағйирёбандаи "ҷамъ":
    сатри 1    →  0    (эълон)
    сатри 3    →  1    (ивазкунӣ)
    сатри 3    →  3    (ивазкунӣ)
    сатри 3    →  6    (ивазкунӣ)

"Why does my variable hold that?" is the commonest beginner question, and every mainstream language answers it with silence.

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Tajik, not translated

Alphabet order	ғ ӣ қ ӯ ҳ ҷ sit after я in Unicode, so every other language sorts a Tajik class list wrongly. Here Ғафуров comes before Яқубов — in < and in тартиб.
Unicode normalisation	ӣ has two spellings that look identical on screen. Without normalising, the same name typed on two keyboards is two different variables.
No truthiness	агар ном: is an error. Write агар ном != "": and say what you mean.
Errors teach	Line, column, a caret, a suggested fix, and the chain of calls that led there — plus the English term in brackets (Хатои иҷро (RuntimeError)) so the vocabulary transfers.

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It compiles itself

A language that only exists as somebody else's program is a wrapper. TajikLang is not one: худсоз/ holds a TajikLang compiler written in TajikLang, which reads .tj files and emits JavaScript.

насли 0    the reference implementation compiles the compiler   → .js
насли 1    node runs that .js on the same sources               → .js
насли 2    node runs *that* .js on the same sources             → .js

Two properties are tested on every run, and they check different things:

• насли 1 == насли 2 — the compiler is a fixed point. A bug that changed its own output would make the second pass drift from the first.
• насли 0 == насли 1 — two implementations, one in Python and one in JavaScript, produce byte-identical output. The program under test is the compiler itself, so any disagreement between them shows up as a diff.

It has already earned its keep. The Tajik-written lexer did not know the \r escape and turned it into a plain r, which quietly made the letter r a separator — ба_javascript lexed as ба_javasc and ipt. No ordinary test would have caught that; the fixpoint test caught it on the first pass.

The exact-decimal arithmetic, the ban on truthiness and the Tajik alphabet order all survive the trip: 0.1 + 0.2 == 0.3 is рост under Node too, and тартиб still puts ғоз after гул. See худсоз/README.md for what the self-hosted compiler supports so far, and what it does not.

powershell -File худсоз\санҷиши_худсозӣ.ps1

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Install

Nothing at all Open the playground → Runs in one page. No install, no account.

Windows — no Python Download → Download the TajikLang Setup .exe, double-click it, and press Install. It creates a desktop shortcut and Start-menu entry for the TajikLang editor; no PowerShell, Python, or command prompt is required.

With Python pip install git+https://github.com/BahromPython/tajiklang.git

tajik барнома.tj        # run a file
tajik                   # interactive shell
tajik муҳаррир          # the editor
tajik --санҷиш f.tj     # check without running
tajik --tokens f.tj     # look inside the lexer

Бастаҳо · Packages

TajikLang has its own package manager, not pip — a student installing a Tajik library should not have to learn Python's tooling first, and the standalone build has no pip at all.

tajik ҷустуҷӯ           # what exists
tajik гирифтан омор     # install it
tajik бастаҳо           # what is installed
tajik нест омор         # remove it

ворид омор
ворид шакл

бигзор баҳоҳо = [5, 4, 5, 3, 5, 4, 2]

шакл.қуттӣ("Журнали синф")
навис("Медиана:", омор.медиана(баҳоҳо))
навис("Инҳироф:", гирд(омор.инҳироф(баҳоҳо), 2))
шакл.диаграмма(["Душанбе", "Хуҷанд"], [95, 60])

A package is a folder of .tj files; the registry is one JSON file, read from GitHub when there is a network and from the bundled copy when there is not, so a classroom offline still gets a working ҷустуҷӯ. Installing only ever writes .tj files, and every path in the archive is checked first — a zip claiming ../../evil.tj cannot write outside its own folder.

Both starter packages — омор (median, mode, variance) and шакл (boxes, bar charts) — are written in TajikLang, not Python.

TajikWeb · Сомонасозӣ

Build a real static website with TajikLang — then host the resulting normal HTML anywhere. The first version deliberately has no framework, no JavaScript toolchain, and no account requirement.

tajik веб нав сомонаи_ман
cd сомонаи_ман
tajik веб соз

Write the page in index.tj with the Tajik саҳифа module. The ready-to-host site is нашр/index.html; files placed in static/ are copied there too.

ворид саҳифа

саҳифа.нависед(
    саҳифа.сарлавҳа("Сомонаи ман"),
    саҳифа.матн("Салом аз Тоҷикистон!"),
    саҳифа.рӯйхат(["Барнома", "Лоиҳаҳо", "Тамос"]),
)

To publish from a GitHub repository, add a ready-made Pages workflow:

tajik веб омода-github

Push the project and select GitHub Actions under the repository's Settings → Pages. Each later push rebuilds and publishes the site. See docs/веб.md for the small, complete guide.

The editor

py -m tajiklang.ide

A small IDE on tkinter, which ships with Python — a school computer needs nothing else. File list, Tajik syntax colouring, line numbers, an input pane for хонед, F5 to run, F6 to check. The problems panel lists what the checker found before the program runs; click a problem to jump to its line.

VS Code

The TajikLang editor is installed by default. VS Code support is optional for students who already use VS Code: download the .vsix, open Extensions, choose Install from VSIX…, and select the downloaded file. It provides syntax highlighting and Ctrl+Shift+B to run the open file.

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Learn it

docs/дарсҳо.md	13 lessons in Tajik — навис through classes and web pages
docs/чӣ_тавр_кор_мекунад.md	how the interpreter works, in Tajik
LANGUAGE_SPEC.md	the language contract, with the reasoning behind every decision
examples/	24 runnable programs

The whole language on one screen

бигзор ном = "Баҳром"          # declare
ном = "Далер"                  # assign — a different statement, on purpose
ҳисоб += 1                     # += -= *= /= %=

агар синну_сол >= 18:          # blocks are exactly 4 spaces; tabs refused
    навис("калонсол")
вагарна агар синну_сол >= 16:
    навис("наврас")
вагарна:
    навис("хурд")

барои i аз 1 то 5:             # inclusive: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
    агар i % 2 == 0:
        давом
    навис(i)

то_вақте ҳисоб < 10:
    ҳисоб += 1
    агар ҳисоб == 5:
        шикан

функсия ҷамъ(a, b):
    баргардон a + b

қолиб Одам:
    функсия оғоз(худ, ном):
        худ.ном = ном

қолиб Донишҷӯ мерос Одам:
    функсия салом(худ):
        баргардон "Салом, " + худ.ном

кӯшиш:
    навис(1 / 0)
хато "тақсим_ба_сифр":
    навис("сифр нашавад")
хато паём:
    навис("хатои дигар:", паём)

номҳо |> тартиб |> навис       # pipeline: Tajik puts the verb last

ворид риёзӣ                    # риёзӣ · матн · файл · саҳифа · питон
ворид питон                    # Python's libraries, through one door

Why қолиб and not синф? Because бигзор синф = 10 belongs on the first line of a school register program. қолиб means mould — which is also the metaphor for what a class is. The same reasoning left худ unreserved: Python does not reserve self either.

Architecture

Source (.tj, UTF-8)
      ↓  lexer.py         characters → tokens, NFC, INDENT/DEDENT
   Tokens
      ↓  parser.py        recursive descent, one method per grammar rule
   AST
      ↓  checker.py       every problem, before anything runs
      ↓  interpreter.py   tree-walk evaluator
   Output

File	Job
tajiklang/tokens.py	token types, the reserved Tajik vocabulary
tajiklang/lexer.py	text → tokens; NFC; Unicode identifiers; indentation
tajiklang/parser.py	recursive-descent parser
tajiklang/checker.py	the pre-run pass Python cannot do
tajiklang/interpreter.py	scopes, closures, classes, calls, imports
tajiklang/values.py	runtime values, Tajik type names, printing, equality
tajiklang/stdlib.py	56 built-in functions, plus риёзӣ and матн
tajiklang/collation.py	Tajik alphabet order
tajiklang/page.py	саҳифа — building web pages
tajiklang/web.py	TajikWeb — create and build static TajikLang sites
tajiklang/interop.py	питон — the one door to Python's libraries
tajiklang/ide.py	the tkinter editor
tajiklang/highlight.py	one definition of syntax colours, shared by the editor and the site
tajiklang/packages.py	бастаҳо — the package manager
tajiklang/errors.py	Tajik errors with caret, hint and call stack
tools/	builders for the playground, site, .vsix, standalone build and review sheet
бастаҳо/	the package registry, and two packages written in TajikLang

python -m unittest discover -s tests -t .

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For teachers · Барои муаллимон

docs/ТАРҶУМА.md lists every one of the 588 Tajik messages the language can show a student, with a column for a better wording. It is generated from source, so it cannot drift from what the language actually says.

If you read Tajik and have twenty minutes, that file is the most valuable contribution anyone can make to this project — worth more than any feature. The author is not a Tajik speaker.

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Contributing

Tests must stay green (python -m unittest discover -s tests -t .), and generated files — playground/, docs/ТАРҶУМА.md — are rebuilt by their tools rather than edited by hand. CI checks both.

Roadmap

The self-hosted compiler in худсоз/ covers the subset it needed to compile itself. Classes, кӯшиш/хато, the |> operator and the standard modules are still reference-implementation only; extending it is the next piece of real work, and finishing it would let the playground drop its 6 MB CPython download for a few kilobytes of JavaScript.

Everything else planned is built. What remains is not code: a Tajik teacher reading ТАРҶУМА.md, and students using it.

_{MIT · tajiklang.org}